Vincent van Gogh and His Ear: Unraveling the Mystery
Vincent van Gogh is remembered not only for his emotionally charged paintings but also for the mystery surrounding one of the most infamous moments in art history: the night he severed his own ear. The event has become symbolic of the “tortured artist” narrative, yet the truth behind it is far more complex and still debated today.
The Incident in Arles
On December 23, 1888, in the southern French town of Arles, van Gogh suffered a severe mental breakdown. During or after a heated argument with fellow artist Paul Gauguin, van Gogh reportedly cut off part — or possibly all — of his left ear with a razor. He then wrapped it in cloth and delivered it to a local brothel, handing it to a woman named Rachel with the words, “Guard this object carefully.”
What Prompted the Act?
The exact reasons remain unclear, but several factors likely contributed:
- Worsening mental illness, including possible bipolar disorder or temporal lobe epilepsy
- Fierce artistic and emotional tensions between van Gogh and Gauguin
- Alcohol abuse, particularly absinthe
- Extreme loneliness and isolation during the holiday season
Aftermath and Hospitalization
Van Gogh was found unconscious the next morning and taken to the hospital. He was diagnosed with “acute mania with general delirium.” The town of Arles, disturbed by his behavior, later petitioned to have him institutionalized. In May 1889, van Gogh voluntarily admitted himself to an asylum in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, where he created some of his most famous works — including The Starry Night.
Key Timeline
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| Oct 1888 | Gauguin arrives in Arles to live and paint with van Gogh |
| Dec 23, 1888 | Van Gogh cuts off his ear after argument |
| Jan 1889 | Gauguin leaves Arles permanently |
| May 1889 | Van Gogh enters Saint-Rémy asylum |
Which Part of the Ear Was Removed?
Art historians disagree on whether van Gogh removed just the earlobe or the entire outer ear. A letter from van Gogh’s doctor, Félix Rey, included a drawing suggesting most of the ear was removed. However, some newer interpretations, based on witness accounts, argue for only partial mutilation.
Art Born from Pain
Despite his suffering, van Gogh channeled his emotions into his art. In the months
